The Academy of Dental Materials: Providing roots and wings.

ObjectivesThe long history of the Academy of Dental Materials (ADM) is documented with its strategies (a) to rapidly communicate science among its members, (b) to establish special awards to stimulate new science, and (c) to develop new dental materials scientists.MethodsWe searched the history of the last 35 years of the ADM newsletters, transactions, journals, and officer notes. We document the (a) presidents, (b) meeting history, (c) membership growth, and (d) development of special awards through 2019 with the recent creation of the ADM Marshall Post-Doctoral Award.ResultsThere are 36 years of recent ADM history, 42 international meetings, membership growth to 400 individuals from 15 countries, service of 19 presidents, Paffenbarger annual Awardees since 1989, induction of >200 fellows, and recognition of the first winner of Marshall Post-Doctoral Award in 2018. New directions for recruiting members are suggested. Three potential new thrusts for the organization are presented: artificial intelligence, genetic engineering, and intensive member mentoring.SignificanceThese suggestions for the ADM provide a path for the ADM to continue to adapt to the ever changing scientific landscape

Experimental determination of processing-induced stresses and properties of graded nickel-alumina coatings

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1997.Includes bibliographical references (p. 36-38).by Olivera E. Kesler.M.S

MaScQA: A Question Answering Dataset for Investigating Materials Science Knowledge of Large Language Models

Information extraction and textual comprehension from materials literature are vital for developing an exhaustive knowledge base that enables accelerated materials discovery. Language models have demonstrated their capability to answer domain-specific questions and retrieve information from knowledge bases. However, there are no benchmark datasets in the materials domain that can evaluate the understanding of the key concepts by these language models. In this work, we curate a dataset of 650 challenging questions from the materials domain that require the knowledge and skills of a materials student who has cleared their undergraduate degree. We classify these questions based on their structure and the materials science domain-based subcategories. Further, we evaluate the performance of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 models on solving these questions via zero-shot and chain of thought prompting. It is observed that GPT-4 gives the best performance (~62% accuracy) as compared to GPT-3.5. Interestingly, in contrast to the general observation, no significant improvement in accuracy is observed with the chain of thought prompting. To evaluate the limitations, we performed an error analysis, which revealed conceptual errors (~64%) as the major contributor compared to computational errors (~36%) towards the reduced performance of LLMs. We hope that the dataset and analysis performed in this work will promote further research in developing better materials science domain-specific LLMs and strategies for information extraction

Electrode materials for the electrolysis of metal oxides

Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, June 2006."May 2006."Includes bibliographical references (leaves 35-36).Carbon, tungsten, platinum, and iridium were examined as candidate anode materials for an electrolytic cell. The materials were pre-selected to endure high process temperatures and were characterized for inertness and high current density during electrolysis using voltammometric techniques. Inertness is viewable through current discrepancies dependent on voltage scan direction at low voltage, consumption of current by metal oxide formation, and ease of surface oxide electro-stripping. Conductivity during electrolytic oxidation is observable as current density maximization at high voltages. While carbon, tungsten, and platinum formed surface oxides, iridium remained quite inert. In addition, the voltage hold-time was found to affect the leading current density, as platinum performed best during cyclic voltammometry, but iridium performed best during potentiostatic electrolysis. The intermediate potentiodynamic scan-rate displays the transition from platinum to iridium dominated current density.by Benjamin D. Cooper.S.B

An investigation of low energy structure in niobium single crystals by superconductive tunneling.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials Science. Thesis. 1969. Ph.D.Twenty-one unnumbered leaves inserted. Vita.Bibliography: leaves 34-36.Ph.D

Coordination and expertise foster legal textualism

This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-119791RA-I00; RTI2018-098882-B-I00), the Polish National Science Centre (2020/36/C/HS5/00111; 2017/25/N/HS5/00944), the Swiss National Science Foundation (PZ00P1_179912), and the European Research Council (805498).Data, Materials, and Software Availability. Anonymized study data, analysis scripts, and stimuli (including translations) have been deposited in the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/yw8ek/)A cross-cultural survey experiment revealed a dominant tendency to rely on a rule’s letter over its spirit when deciding which behaviors violate the rule. This tendency varied markedly across (k = 15) countries, owing to variation in the impact of moral appraisals on judgments of rule violation. Compared with laypeople, legal experts were more inclined to disregard their moral evaluations of the acts altogether and consequently exhibited stronger textualist tendencies. Finally, we evaluated a plausible mechanism for the emergence of textualism: in a two-player coordination game, incentives to coordinate in the absence of communication reinforced participants’ adherence to rules’ literal meaning. Together, these studies (total n = 5,794) help clarify the origins and allure of textualism, especially in the law. Within heterogeneous communities in which members diverge in their moral appraisals involving a rule’s purpose, the rule’s literal meaning provides a clear focal point—an identifiable point of agreement enabling coordinated interpretation among citizens, lawmakers, and judges.European Research Council 805498Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung PZ00P1_179912Narodowe Centrum Nauki 2017/25/N/HS5/00944, 2020/36/C/HS5/00111Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación PID2020-119791RA-I00, RTI2018-098882-B-I0

Appraisal of the availability and utilization of new technological resources for science curriculum delivery in Nigerian universities

The study investigated the availability and utilization of new technological resources for science curriculum delivery in Nigeria universities. The purpose of the study was to appraise the availability and utilization of new technological resources. A descriptive survey was used. The population comprised all science lecturers in four federal and five state-owned universities in South- East states of Nigeria. 78 science lecturers from federal and 62 from state universities formed the sample. Stratified random sampling and census techniques were used to select the sample. The instrument was a 36-item questionnaire developed by the researchers. The instrument was validated and reliability coefficient computed. Three research questions and three hypotheses guided the study. Data were analyzed using means, standard deviation and t-test statistics of p< 0.05. Results showed that some new technological resources are available. On the other hand all the listed new technological resources were under utilized except print materials. Implications of practice for sustainable development was proffered and recommendations were made among which is that federal and state governments should provide adequate quantity of new technological devices